金融发展评论

森林对于减缓气候变化至关重要。我国森林面积2.2亿公顷，占世界森林面积的5.51%,森林覆盖率和蓄积量低于世界平均水平，林业发展水平有待提升。林业具有高投入、周期长的资金需求特点，需要多元化资金来源。立足我国公益林建设的基本情况，研究对比国际经验和国储林等其他林业融资实践，梳理公益林现有投融资模式后，发现财政资金是主要支持方式，金融通过公益林补偿收益权质押贷款等给予支持。由于公益林以生态优先，目前仍存在资金支持来源渠道有限、配套支持政策措施不完善、项目收益较低、碳汇变现渠道不畅等问题。建议拓展公共财政支持公益林建设资金来源渠道、完善公益林相关配套支持政策措施、多措并举拓展公益林建设资金来源渠道、畅通公益林碳汇开发和价值实现渠道。

Forests are crucial for mitigating climate change. China's forest area is 22 million hectares, accounting for 5.51% of the world's forest area, and its forest coverage rate and storage volume are lower than the world's average, and the level of forestry development needs to be improved. Forestry has the characteristics of high investment and long cycle of capital demand, and it needs diversified sources of. Based on the basic situation of public welfare forest construction in China, this study compares international experience and other forestry financing practices such as national reserve forests, sorts out the investment and financing models of public welfare forests, and finds that financial funds are the main support method, and finance supports through public welfare forest compensation income rights pledge loans other means. Because public welfare forests focus on ecology, there are still problems such as limited sources of funds, imperfect supporting support policies and measures, low project returns, poor carbon sink realization channels. It is suggested to expand the channels of public finance support for public welfare forest construction funds, improve the relevant supporting support policies and measures for welfare forests, take multiple measures to expand the channels of public welfare forest construction funds, and smooth the channels of public welfare forest carbon sink development and value realization.